Research Abstracts

A mathematical model is developed to investigate the potential of the membrane distillation process to be a stand-alone process. The model includes internal heat recovery and relates the major cost parameters to the heat and mass transfer of the process. The cost parameters are the energy required f

In the frame of a global process of marginal ores treatment and of the treatment of solid residues containing heavy metals, we can associate the techniques of static solid–liquid extraction to the techniques of static liquid– liquid extraction. The static solid–liquid extraction or leaching is now w

In generally livestock wastewater contains high concentration of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain good effluent quality by the conventional activated sludge process. The organic matter oxidation microorganism has a high yield value than the nitrificatio

The results of laboratory tests are presented in this paper, which demonstrate a possibility of using the advanced oxidation process for the removal of cyanide from the water. A comparative analysis was carried out for the processes of ozonation, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and advanced oxidati

As water resources are rapidly being exhausted, more and more interest is paid to the desalination of seawater and brackish water concentrations. Today, current desalination methods require large amounts of energy which is costly both in environmental pollution and in money terms. Many studies of wa

The paper describes the preliminary researches on the influence of the ultrasounds of diversified intensity (22 and 24 kHz) on the content iron compounds in water. For the researches, variable operational parameters were used, such as: the vibration amplitude and the exposure time (1–5 min). The sub

Energy consumptions and costs of desalting systems are among the main parameters affecting the choice of certain desalting system and desalted water final cost. The paper describes a semi-empirical method for determining production and investment costs taking into account plant capacity, availabilit

In this study, the removal of nitrite from aqueous solution by adsorption was investigated. Sepiolite and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were used as adsorbents. In order to investigate the adsorption mechanisms, three simplified kinetic models, i.e., pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and int

Infiltration of surface water into the ground and a retention time of 50 days is a natural method to remove color, iron and manganese — which are typical for Nordic lake waters — and to produce a good quality drinking water. However, due to the geological situation in the Southern parts of Finland,

A copolymeric membrane material containing a tertiary amino group was synthesized by radical copolymerization of 2-(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile. The chemical structure of the copolymer was analyzed by viscosity measurement, elemental analysis, FTIR and X-ray diffraction