Research Abstracts

The release of non-condensable (NC) gases, essentially carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen, from the evaporating brine in desalination distillers notably affects the heat transfer for condensation, the energy consumption, the performance and the material life span of the distillers. A better knowled

The release of CO2 in multiple-effect distillers has scarcely been investigated and little has been published about it. There is no approach available to reliably predict the release rates in individual stages and the effects of influencing parameters. Until now the dimensioning of the design ventin

Water scarcity is becoming a serious problem in the Mediterranean countries. To minimize negative effects, wastewater reclamation can be one of the possible solutions. Reverse osmosis (RO) is the process that ensures the highest water quality. Thus, the required quality goal can be reached adjusting

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are theoretically the best pre-treatment upstream reverse osmosis, removing from the feed water most of the potential elements responsible of desalinating membranes fouling such as particles, turbidity, bacteria and large molecular weight organic maters.

Many scaling species such as CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 and Ca3(PO4)2 present in brackish and wastewater feeds can be removed by precipitation processes induced by raising the pH level of the raw water. These processes require dosage of alkaline chemicals such as NaOH, lime or magnesia. An interesting possibili

Water shortage has become a global issue and not only a problem relevant to arid zones. In the past decade desalination of sea and brackish water has been found to be a technically and economically acceptable solution for water shortage. More recently, desalination of wastewater effluents has also b

Three activated carbons have been prepared from dates stones, by carbonization without adjuvant and by chemical activation with ZnCl2 and KOH. According to the nature of the adjuvant, the activated carbons present different porosities. Chemical activation of the date stones with KOH produces an acti

The integration of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy is becoming increasingly attractive. This is being used widely for substitution of oil-produced energy and will help to minimize atmospheric degradation. The major advantage of a hybrid system is that when solar and wind power prod

In this study the effects of operating parameters on the ultrafiltration of metal working fluids were considered and the optimum conditions for filtration were estimated. In order to reduce the number of experiments an experimental design method (Taguchi) was applied. Seven parameters including pH,

Three types of electrodialysis (ED) and electrodeionization (EDI) stacks are studied when treating NaCl solutions in the range of concentrations from 10−5 to 3 × 10−2 M: (1) with a non-conducting network spacer, (2) with a mixed ion-exchange monolayer bed, (3) with profiled membranes. The Sherwood n