Research Abstracts

The temperature functional dependence of the solar cell efficiency is studied without neglecting (dIsc/dT ). The temperature dependent parameters that determine the value of the short circuit current Isc are considered Isc is also given as a function of the incident solar irradiance. The variation o

Solar energy can be converted to electrical energy by means of two methods: the first one is a direct method with photovoltaic (PV) systems and the second is an indirect one by solar thermal power generation. The main disadvantage of the PV systems is the high sensitivity of the output electrical ch

The performance of multijunction amorphous silicon cells has been investigated for outdoor solar spectral radiation, using long term measurement for existing data at CREST, Loughborough University. It is a further study of the solar system, destined to analyze the outdoor performance of the amorphou

Many rural areas in ESCWA member countries are still suffering from a lack of access to energy services, especially electricity supply. Photovoltaic (PV) applications could supply electrical energy needed in rural, remote, and deserted areas for water pumping to supply the Bedouins and their herds a

In this paper, we investigate using an adaptive radial basis function (RBF) network with infinite impulse response (IIR) filter in order to find a suitable model for sizing coefficients of the stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, based on minimum of input data. These sizing coefficients allow to t

The inoculation and acclimatization of activated sludge (AS) is one of the vital components to provide preferably suspended aerobic growth and desired treatment mechanism for a treated wastewater using MBR. The performance of a floating media biofilter-submerged membrane bioreactor (FMB-SMBR) and a

Struvite, magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrated (MAP) (Mg NH4 PO4.6H2O) is a white inorganic crystalline mineral that can be used as a slow releasing fertilizer. The present study evaluated the feasibility of using bittern as a by-product of salt manufacture, as a low-cost source of magnesium io

The report concerns design aspects for the recently proposed solar barometric distillation technology for seawater desalting (SW–SBD) via underground barometric layout. One-stage and two-stage SW–SBD desalting plants applying a solar vapour thermo-compression distillation technology are specifically

In 2010 desalinated water is expected to provide approximately 25% of Israel’s fresh water supply. Since desalination is cost-effective only if operated constantly, areas adjacent to the desalination plants may receive unblended desalinated water for prolonged times while other sources are added onl

Ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) is combined with permeate-flux, gravimetric, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements for studying calcium-sulfate dihydrate fouling in a commercial spiralwound reverse osmosis membrane module. The UTDR amplitude response is shown to be more sen