Desalination

The separation performance of K+ ions from KCl solution has been investigated by electrodialysis at constant voltage mode of operation as a function of flow rate and voltage scanned. TS-1-10 model electrodialysis equipment (Tokuyama) modified with rotameters was employed in experimental runs. The ef

The phenomenon referred to as waterhammer can be used to create the pressure required for reverse osmosis of seawater, this has been described in a previous paper [1]. A subsequent paper then investigated economic feasibility and concluded that it could achieve significant cost savings as well as el

A reverse osmosis desalination unit is proposed to desalinate seawater. The pressure required to overcome the osmotic pressure and initiate the reverse osmotic process is provided by utilizing the mechanical potential energy results from the difference in heads between a high level column of seawate

This paper reviews three ways in which existing brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plants can be modified to increase overall water recovery from the 70–75% range to the 90–95% range. The three techniques used to increase plant recovery are: (i) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) for wa

Rates of zinc consumption during cathodic protection of a copper pipeline carrying saline water were measured by the loss in weight technique. Variables studied were solution flow rate, temperature and NaCl concentration. It was found that within the present range of conditions the rate of zinc cons

A techno-economic study for dual purpose combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, with desalination plants in the vicinity of Sharm El Sheikh of about 500MW and about 25 MIGD potable water is presented. The following was taken into consideration: size of gas turbine; heat recov

A novel continuous single-stage solar still that makes use of a phase change energy storage mixture (PCESM) for promoting energy usage has been devised and constructed. The still consists of a module made from an external body of galvanized iron, a frame of galvanized iron, a pan at the bottom of th

A solar still in which charcoal functions both as heat absorber medium and as wick has been constructed. The still presents a 15% improvement in productivity over wick-type stills, is cheap, simple to construct, and in addition has the advantages of low thermal capacity, lightweight and ease of oper

This paper presents the development of a new process to desalinate seawater using solar energy. By the proposed process, the solar energy heats airflow up to a temperature between 50 and 80°C. The moderate solar heated air will be humidified by injecting seawater into the air stream. Later on, the w

An efficient cost-effective batteryless photovoltaic-powered seawater reverse-osmosis desalination system is described. The system has a modest 2.4 kWp photovoltaic array and yet promises to deliver 3 m3/d throughout the year in an example location in Eritrea, operating from borehole seawater (at 40