Reverse osmosis

The paper describes the operational experience with the newly constructed SWRO plant in Jersey. The plant replaced a multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) plant, commissioned in 1970 by Weir Westgarth, which was operational until 1996. At the time of supply the MSF plant was considered to be the most

The need for a good quality water in the Canary Islands was, and continues to be, the driving force for the use of reverse osmosis to desalinate brackish water and seawater for irrigation and potable use. A number of case histories are presented which show the development of the use of reverse osmos

Numerous pilot plant studies and commercial facilities operating all over the world have demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility of reclaiming municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluent through dual-membrane treatment processes. Dual-membrane processes such as continuous micro

The water resources of Kuwait are limited to desalinated water to meet the requirements for all freshwater needs, unreplenishable brackish water as a supplementary source for blending and agriculture, and municipal wastewater which is treated and mainly discarded to the sea. Limited quantities of th

Within the framework of our new technological concept for the desalination of surface water to industrial water, the production of a mixed acid and a mixed base by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) from effluents was one main objective of the study. After optimized pretreatment, reverse

Scaling in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) systems is generally controlled by limiting the conversion and/or the addition of antiscalants. An alternative approach might be the desupersaturation of membrane concentrate before e.g. the last stage of an RO and/or NF system. A desupersatura